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Last Updated:: 25/03/2019
Plant as indicator of Pollution
Chrysanthemum
www.dreamstime.com
Brown necrosis
www.ucanr.edu
Azalea
www.growerdirect.com
Reddish necrosis
www.rhodyman.net
Prunus serotina
www.41olive.com
Red to purple stipple, injured leaves drop early.
http://www.fs.fed.us
Liriodendron tulipifera
Charlenesevier.wordpress.com
Brown stipple, injured leaves drop early
http://www.fs.fed.us
Fraxinus americana
www.leaf-id.com
Red to brown stipple
www.wqed.org
Asclepias syriaca
www.journeyoflight.com
Purple to black stipple, leaf chlorosis
http://www.fs.fed.us
Rabus spp.
www.pickywallpapers.com
Red to purple stipple
www.missouribotanicalgarden.org
Limnanthemum cristatum
www. botany.cz
root hairs disappear, colouration of hydathodes in the juvenile leaves
www.stuartxchange.org
Eichhornia
wetravelandblog.com
formation of micronuclei in dividing root cells
wiki.bugwood.org
Changes in community
www.algae.info
Plankton algae
www.newtechbio.com
Decrease in population
www.lakebottomblanket.com
Sphagnum moss
www.cisfbr.org.uk
Spreading
en.wikipedia.org
Water blooms
www.scientificamerican.com
Increase in population
www.lanereport.com
organic matter and chemical fertilizer in water
Eichhornia
commons.wikimedia.org
Increase in population
www.westraficanplants.senckenberg.de
sewage and heavy metal in water
Sphagnum
bryophytes.plant.siu.edu
Decrease in the populations
www.andrewspink.nl
SO2, NO2, fluorides and HCl
Decrease in the populations
www.wildlifeinformation.co.uk
SO2, NO2, fluorides and HCl
Parmelia
www.lichenlastdragon.org
Decrease in the populations
www.geograph.org.uk
SO2, NO2, fluorides and HCl
Ammonifying bacteria
www.dreamstime.com
Increase in population
www.bbc.co.uk
NH4 pollution, reduction in nitrate and nitrite in soil
Decomposer bacterial
www.pixgood.com
Decrease in the populations
germzoo.blogspot.com
acidification and pesticide pollution in soil
Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus
www.naturespot.org.uk
Presence of electron-dense vesicles containing lead in the cells
www.uni-mainz.de
Geranium
www.geraniumsuk.com
Grey necrosis
blog.lib.umn.edu
Begonia sp.
www.flickr.com
Necrotic spots on upper surface of leaf at point of contact
pnwhandbooks.org
Acid mist pollution in air
Beta vulgaris
www.dreamstime.com
Shot holing at leaf surface
www.flickr.com
Acid mist pollution in air
Lonicera periclymenum
commons.wikimedia.org
Brown marginal necrosis; interveinal necrosis; leaf cupping
www.wsl.ch
Acer platanoides
www.botanistii.ro
Brown marginal necrosis; interveinal necrosis; necrotic stipple; leaf abscission
woodyplants.wikidot.com
Acer saccharinum
chalk.richmond.edu
Brown marginal necrosis, interveinal necrosis; leaf cupping & distortion
www.gardenworldimeges.com
Spiraea
www.fazfacil.com.br
Abscission
www.asianflora.com
Phaseolus vulgaris
www.mylot.com
Marginal necrosis
www.plantvillage.com
Fagus sylvatica
www.aphotoflora.com
Black spots, later whole leaf black/brown
signatureplants.co.uk
Yellow tip, later necrotic
www.omafra.gov.on.ca
Dahlia pinnata
calphotos.berkeley.edu
Brown discolouration; marginal necrosis
www.leafmines.co.uk
Red/brown discolouration, later grey/brown needle
www.pfaf.org